text introduces Bölsche's thesis and sets the stage for a discussion on realism in literature. He outlines his belief that the modern aesthetic should not be rooted in metaphysical perspectives but should instead be informed by empirical research and natural sciences. In the preface and the first chapter, he emphasizes the importance of a realistic approach to literature, noting that both poets and scientists share a responsibility to engage with psychological and sociological insights grounded in scientific evidence. Bölsche critiques previous literary movements for their detachment from scientific findings and calls for poets to adapt their works to reflect a better understanding of human nature derived from scientific inquiry. (This is an automatically generated summary.)